I am also running the latest version of VS, and I just did what you said and i didn't experience any problems like you have reported. This is however a known bug, and one which I've hit a few times before, and just like you I resolved it by making manual edits to the designer files if rebuilding the solution doesn't work, or if it's unwilling to compile.
Btw, sorry, but I didn't see your second post, and if you look at the time stamp, you replied just 2/3 minutes before I posted mine, and closed out the window.
Glad you got it working, but I would advise you to not get overly confident when it comes to renaming anything in a winforms solution, as it is known to be very flaky and I've seen people loose entire projects when the designer crashes out on them and refuses to load the changes made. You also won't have problems like that in WPF, and while its probably not optional to use WPF now, it is what you should be basing your new projects on.